Photo-gate timer with CircuitPython

ESP32 with reverse TFT display running Circuit Python, showing REPL output, the last two lines being the mark of the first button pressed beginning timing, and then the updated list of times when the second button pressed.

See Photo-gate timer for a full discussion.

CircuitPython

CircuitPython is a flavor or port of MicroPython, by Adafruit Industries, to program any of hundreds of micro-controllers or single-board-computers with Python code. Changing the code on a board is simple: You copy a Python program file, and optionally libraries, to board that can be set to present itself to a computer as a USB drive. When you reset the board, it runs the file.

ESP32-S2 Reverse TFT Feather

The ESP32-S2 Reverse TFT Feather from Adafruit, https://www.adafruit.com/product/5345 , is an inexpensive development board with a WiFi capable radio.

The same text output to the Python REPL on the computer is output to the screen on the module, so outputting text requires only the built-in print() function.

Codes

Timer

import time
import board
import keypad
print("Photogate timer")

gates = (board.D1, board.D2)
#create empty list:
times = []
#track which gates have already been interrupted
passed = []
#pull is whether you use internal pullup/pulldown. False if you use an external switch.
#interval is time in seconds to debounce button.
keys = keypad.Keys(gates, value_when_pressed=True, pull=True, interval=0.002)
while True:
    event=keys.events.get()
    if event:
        #print(event) #uncomment this to debug events
        #which gate was passed? event.key_number
        #if this is the first gate:
        if 0 == len(times):
            times.append(0.0)
            startTime = time.monotonic()
            #mark which gate has been passed
            passed.append(event.key_number)
            print(times)
        #else check if a gate not yet passed:
        elif 0 == passed.count(event.key_number):
            #Add the current time to the list
            times.append(time.monotonic() - startTime)
            passed.append(event.key_number)
            print(times)

Speeds

import time
import board
import keypad
print("Photogate interval meter")
#Dialog to enter length of device, through matrix keyboard, in mm?

gates = (board.D1, board.D2)
#create empty dictionaries, keys will be key_number:
startTimes = {}
endTimes = {}
speeds = {}
#interval is time in seconds to debounce button.
keys = keypad.Keys(gates, value_when_pressed=True, pull=True, interval=0.002)
while True:
    event=keys.events.get()
    if event:
        #print(event) #debug
        #which gate was passed? event.key_number
        #Enter gate: event.pressed==True
        #Exit gate: event.pressed==False
        #if object is entering a gate:
        if event.pressed==True:
            startTimes[event.key_number] = time.monotonic()
        elif event.pressed==False:
            endTimes[event.key_number] = time.monotonic()
            if startTimes[event.key_number]>0.00:
                print(event.key_number, endTimes[event.key_number]-startTimes[event.key_number])